Since ancient times, nature has been an inexhaustible source of remedies for mankind, and among its most fascinating treasures are functional or medicinal mushrooms. More than just culinary ingredients, these organisms have gained a prominent place in traditional and modern medicine thanks to their healing properties. But what makes these mushrooms so special and how are they used to treat diseases? Come with me to find out.

What are functional mushrooms?
   Functional mushrooms, also known as medicinal mushrooms, are species that contain bioactive compounds capable of benefiting human health. We are not just talking about their nutritional value, but also their ability to strengthen the immune system, reduce inflammation, fight infections and even help in the fight against chronic diseases. Among the best known are reishi, cordyceps, chaga, lion's mane and shiitake, each with unique properties.

The healing power of mushrooms
   The magic of these mushrooms lies in their compounds: polysaccharides, beta-glucans, triterpenes and antioxidants, among others. These elements act as allies of the human body. For example:

- Reishi: Known as the ‘mushroom of immortality’ in Chinese medicine, it is used to strengthen the immune system, reduce stress and improve sleep. Studies suggest that its triterpenes have anti-inflammatory effects and may help with allergies or autoimmune diseases.
- Cordyceps: This fungus, which grows high in the Himalayas, is famous for increasing energy and physical stamina. It has been used to treat chronic fatigue and improve lung function, supporting respiratory conditions such as asthma.
- Lion's Mane: A mental health favourite, this mushroom stimulates nerve cell regeneration, making it promising in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or for improving memory and concentration.
- Chaga: Rich in antioxidants, it is a potent ally against oxidative damage and has been linked to reducing inflammation and supporting diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular problems.

Uses in medicine and culture
   The use of medicinal mushrooms is not new. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and in indigenous cultures in the Americas and Europe, these organisms have been revered for centuries. Today, modern science supports many of these ancient practices. For example:

- Cancer: Some mushrooms, such as turkey tail, are used as an adjunct in cancer treatments because of their polysaccharides, which boost the immune response and may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy.
- Autoimmune diseases: Reishi and chaga are being investigated for their ability to regulate the immune system, helping those suffering from lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
- Digestive health: Shiitake and other prebiotic-rich mushrooms promote a healthy microbiome, which can alleviate disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome.

Where are they used today?
   Medicinal mushrooms are used in various parts of the world, both in traditional practices and in modern medicine, depending on culture, availability and scientific advances. Here are some of the places and contexts where they are used:


1. East Asia (China, Japan and Korea)
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): In China, mushrooms such as reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), cordyceps and shiitake have been used for thousands of years. They are incorporated into teas, broths, tinctures and powders to treat everything from fatigue and respiratory problems to immune imbalances. Reishi, for example, is a mainstay in TCM to promote longevity and balance ‘qi’ (vital energy).
Japan: Here, mushrooms such as shiitake and maitake are common in diet and medicine. Turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) is also used as an adjunct in cancer treatments, approved in some cases as an adjunct medicine (e.g. PSK or Krestin).
Korea: Similar to China and Japan, medicinal mushrooms are used in herbal remedies and as general health supplements.

2. Europe
In traditional European medicine, especially in eastern regions such as Russia and Siberia, chaga (Inonotus obliquus) has been used for centuries. It is prepared in infusions to treat digestive problems, inflammation and as a general tonic. Today, its use has spread to Western countries in the form of antioxidant supplements.

3. America (North, Central and South)
Indigenous cultures: In Latin America, such as in Mexico and the Andes, some wild mushrooms have been used by shamans and healers to treat infections and ailments, although they are not always classified as ‘medicinal’ in the modern sense. For example, in the Amazon, certain local species have been used in rituals and for physical health.
United States and Canada: Functional mushrooms have now gained popularity in the wellness industry. They are sold in the form of capsules, powders for coffee or smoothies, and extracts, especially lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) for brain health and reishi for stress.

4. India and Tibet
In Ayurvedic and Tibetan medicine, cordyceps is particularly valued. In Tibet, collected in the high mountains, it is used to increase energy, treat kidney problems and improve stamina. In India, although less common, it is being adopted for use in modern supplements.

5. Africa
Although its use is less documented, some traditional communities in Africa have used local mushrooms to treat infections and as functional foods. With globalisation, mushrooms such as reishi are beginning to enter urban markets.

6. Modern and Global Medicine
Research and pharmacology: All over the world, medicinal mushrooms are being studied in laboratories to develop treatments. For example, in the US, Japan and Europe, their compounds (such as beta-glucans) are being investigated for oncology therapies, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
Supplement industry: Global brands market mushrooms in powdered form, capsules and liquid extracts, available in pharmacies, health food shops and online platforms, from Australia to South America.

Practical examples of use:

- Hospitals and clinics: In Japan, PSK derived from turkey tail is given to cancer patients alongside chemotherapy.
- Households: In the West, many people add reishi or cordyceps powder to their daily drinks to boost immunity or energy.
- Alternative therapies: In spas and wellness centres, mushroom treatments are offered for stress or skin.

   In short, medicinal mushrooms are used both in regions where they are part of tradition (such as Asia and Eastern Europe) and in modern global markets, adapting to contemporary health needs. Their versatility makes them a bridge between the ancient and the scientific, proving that nature remains a powerful ally in healing.

Best regards,
Tribu Naturals